Urinary tract infections are a common problem, not just among women;half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less often due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic area, impurities in the urine.Therapy includes the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis?
Bacterial infection causes inflammation of the bladder.It occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The disease is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, so cystitis is less common in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
Observance of simple personal hygiene rules will allow a young man to avoid cystitis with almost one hundred percent probability.The risk of disease increases in old age.Cystitis is often caused by other diseases such as urethral stricture, urolithiasis, and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakened immunity is also a trigger, and this is often associated with the use of cytostatics and hormonal drugs.
In women, the cause of cystitis is an infection rising from the urethra, vagina, and anus, and in men, it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems that cause narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the disease.Obstruction of the urinary tract by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion of the organ wall), prostate adenoma can cause cystitis.
Since it is difficult for the infection to pass to the male bladder, cystitis can occur against the background of other diseases such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, pallidum treponema (syphilis), gonococcus, mycoplasma, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, papilloma virus, fungus virus, papillosis, coronovirus.(candidiasis), Klebsiella, Listeria or coliform bacteria.
If caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis, the infection may also be descending.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis can be the presence of bad habits, stress, poor nutrition and excessive physical activity.Although sinusitis, influenza, chronic tonsillitis primarily affect the respiratory system, they can spread to other organs through the bloodstream and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This causes cystitis to occur as a complication of frequent infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other risk factors include diabetes, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignancies of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If the inflammatory process is suspected, treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis is diagnosed in men and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected independently if:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- burning when urinating;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37 ° C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is defined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in an acute form is indicated by the frequency of urination, difficulty and painful sensations in the lower abdomen, cloudy urine.If these events occur, it is necessary to consult a urologist as soon as possible.A frequent urge to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, a very small amount of fluid may come out during a trip to the toilet, and urinary incontinence often occurs.
With cystitis, a man may have to strain to initiate urination.Painful sensations, burning or stinging also occur, which are especially strong at the beginning and end of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum and pubic area.Symptoms of cystitis in men are accompanied by increased body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, tremors and decreased appetite.
With the hemorrhagic, gangrenous form of cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.It may contain blood and mucus, and a sharp, unpleasant smell of decay appears.Urine volume decreases to 400 ml per day.Symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if observed in chronic form.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly, and the urine contains only mucus.This form of the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by few symptoms and often has a continuous stable or fluctuating course.Thus, complications of cystitis in men in chronic form are as follows:
- leukocyturia continues (an increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (abnormal excretion of protein in the urine);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
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This form of cystitis has a wide range of symptoms.The main manifestations indicating the acute stage are as follows:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominance of nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative calls;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, reduced work capacity;
- pain, burning and burning when urinating,
- pain in the suprapubic region, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- intoxication (with hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- cloudy color of urine, putrid smell of discharge, presence of cuts and mucous impurities.
Treatment
Prevention of cystitis in men is important to prevent inflammation of the bladder.Nevertheless, if it is impossible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, you should consult a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist collects a complete history and conducts examinations.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganisms.As a general treatment, the following is recommended:
- During the acute period of the disease, bed rest, the use of antipyretics, the use of large amounts of fluid (up to 2.5 liters per day), adherence to a diet without sour, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.After the pathogen is identified, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.Medicines are taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies are effective against cystitis.Herbal teas (burdock, horsetail, lingonberry leaves) will be useful for this disease.Such drugs have a supportive effect and help to eliminate inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or fruit drink will be helpful;tablets with cranberry extract are effective.Such drugs reduce the concentration of the antibiotic, so they can be used after the end of the course of treatment.
- Antispasmodic drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can cause cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.Such means help the body recover after a course of antibiotics.They are not directly involved in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on accompanying diseases such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Treatment of these diseases is necessary to treat cystitis.
- Washing the bladder.In some cases, this procedure is recommended using antiseptics;the use of novocaine blockades is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, ultrasound procedures, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy, and electrophoresis are used to accelerate the recovery and resorption of the body.